The renown Church of the Holy Sepulchre is located within the Old City of Jerusalem and is a Christian church. Many Christians believe it to be Golgotha - the Hill of Calvary where Jesus was crucified. It is also believed to contain the place Jesus was buried and for this reason has been one of the most important Christian pilgrimage destinations since the fourth century. Today, control of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is shared among several Christian churches and various secular entities in complicated ownership arrangements. The church also hosts the headquarters of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem.

 To the west, the marvelous Rotunda beneath the larger of the two domes contains The Edicule of the Holy Sepulchre. The Edicule of the Holy Sepulchre contains two rooms. The first holds the Angel's Stone, which is a piece of the stone that is believed by some to have sealed the tomb after Jesus' burial. The second room is the tomb itself. The Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Armenian Apostolic churches have rights to the interior of the tomb and all celebrate Mass there each day. On the south side of the main altar is a stairway climbing to Golgotha (place of the skulls), which is traditionally believed to be the site of Jesus' crucifixion. The nearby located Jerusalem Western Wall is a popular tourist attraction and a destination for pilgrims of three major religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.